1863

Delacroix meurt à Paris le 13 août (65 ans).

Edouard Manet (31 ans) peint "Olympia" et expose le Déjeuner sur l'herbe.

In 1863 his famous Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (Musée d'Orsay, Paris) was shown at the Salon des Refusés, a new exhibition place opened by Napoleon III following the protests of artists rejected at the official Salon. Manet's canvas, portraying a woodland picnic that included a seated female nude attended by two fully dressed young men, attracted immediate and wide attention, but was bitterly attacked by the critics. In 1864 the official Salon accepted two of his paintings, and in 1865 he exhibited his Olympia (1863, Musée d'Orsay), a nude based on a Venus by Titian, which aroused storms of protest in academic circles because of its unorthodox realism. - In 1866 the French novelist Émile Zola, who championed the art of Manet in the newspaper Figaro, became a close friend of the painter.

"Avec Édouard Manet commence la peinture moderne, c’est-à-dire le cinématographe, c’est-à-dire des formes qui cheminent vers la parole ", " très exactement une forme qui pense que le cinéma soit d’abord fait pour penser, on l’oubliera tout de suite, mais c’est une autre histoire, la flamme s’éteindra définitivement à Auschwitz ".

Jules Verne devint véritablement célèbre avec la publication, dans les années 1863-1865, de ses trois premiers grands romans : Cinq Semaines en ballon, Voyage au centre de la Terre, De la Terre à la Lune.

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